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Balkans philosophy

The term, "philosophy," although used universally, is a culturally specific term; it is a European concept embracing a wide range of human activities of the mind. It's application has varied widely throughout European history, and its application to non-European cultures is mainly a convenience but does not accurately reflect how non-European cultures would conceive of or classify these activities.

The word itself is a Greek word and means "love (philo) of wisdom (sophy)." As a word, it seems to appear in the fifth century BC, but the great exponents of the term to describe a heterogenous mix of thinking activities are Plato and Aristotle, the two gigantic figures of Greek philosophy.

Early Greek philosophy was largely concerned with overarching explanations to explain physical phenomenon. The earliest Greek "philosophy" was probably a poem by Hesiod called the Theogony , which concerns the nature of the gods. The Theogony largely recounts Greek mythology, but interspersed among the stories are speculations about the physical nature of the universe.


The early Greek philosophers were primarily concerned with the problem of the "One and the Many." Simply stated, the problem involves explaining the infinity of things in the universe (the many). We can see that many separate things can be related to one thing, for instance, there are millions of horses but there is only one concept of a horse. So the myriad and manifold phenomena of the universe must be reducible to a single, unifying substance or concept. The early Greeks believed that this single, unifying thing (the One) was some material substance, like water, or air. Later Greek philosophy would conceive of this one thing as something more abstract, like number.


So early Greek philosophy was speculative, that is, it wasn't concerned with phenomena and factuality as much as it was concerned with the reasoning process itself. From the beginning, Greek philosophy was concerned with this reasoning process, particularly the process of rational demonstration. The truth of a proposition was an aspect of its demonstration, not its physical reality; a flawless rational demonstration produced certain knowledge.

Most of this speculation concerned the nature of the changing, physical world. The early Greek philosophers were concerned with finding the unchanging principle or substance that lay behind all change and phenomena. The stable, unchanging component of the universe the Greeks called, physis , so early Greek philosophy was really a speculative physics.

Eventually, a wide range of activities would be subsumed under the category of philosophy, representing the entire range of human rational activities. The unifying factor was demonstration, that is, each activity was a philosophy in that it involved principles of rational demonstration. The central categories of European philosophy are:


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Balkans philosophy - cognitive impact:
You are here for a reason... there is a reason for everything.
It doesn't matter whether or not you understand it, it just is.
Listen to your inner self, and let the mother nature guides you.
No matter what, everybody needs Clean air, Fresh water, Green land and Pleasant sun.

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